Important Topics for exam point of view

 Short answer type questions

1. Definitions 

like; Strength, stress, Poisson's ratio, stress-strain diagram, bulk modulus, relation between elastic constants, principal stress, shear force, bending moment, types of beam, types of loads, strain energy, hoop stress, proof stress, theories of failure.

2. Topics for long questions

1. shear force and bending moment diagram 

2. bending stress 

3. principal stress analytical as well as graphical method

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Proof Stress

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  To know about proof stress, first understand the behavior of materials. Like ductile and brittle materials. We all know the ductile is elastic and show permanent deformation under external load. Meanwhile the brittle doesn't show much deformation.  But now the question is how much deformation will be considered as under ductile category or in brittle category. To distinguish between ductile and brittle materials. proof stress show significant role to find the category of materials. i.e. ductile or brittle. Stress-strain curve for x material is shown below. To find the material X is ductile or brittle  proof stress point should be located on stress strain curve of the material. For many ductile materials other than mild streel, eg. aluminum, copper, high tensile steel etc. no definite yield point is obtained. for such materials, the shape of the stress-strain diagram is given below. In such a case, the yield stress is obtained by measuring the stress corresponding to some residual
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Stress

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Strength of Materials  The strength of any material can be defined in terms of Stress. Stress is the only way by which strength can be defined.  And the Stress is defined as follows: Stress (σ) When a material is subjected to an external force, a resisting force induced within the component. The internal resistance force induced per unit area due to external force acting on a material or intensity of the forces distributed over a given section is called the stress at a point.  Stress is donated by  σ                               σ=P/A                Where P is External Force applied                                                                 A is Cross-Sectional Area When Force (P) is acting on the material is tends to split it into two  pieces P is in terms of Newton (N) and A as original area (Before applying external force (P)), in square meters ( m 2 ), the stress  σ  will be expresses in N/  m 2 . This unit is called Pascal (Pa). Units of stress 1 kPa = 10 3 Pa = 10 3 N/
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